Buffer and spring assembly for a firearm

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure provides a buffer kit or assembly for an AR-15, M16, M4 carbine, SR-25, AR-10 and LR-308 type firearm with enhanced fatigue resistance. The buffer assembly includes a weighted buffer, a spring, and a buffer tube. The spring is helically shaped and is formed from multiple wire strands. The stranded wire spring has a greater nominal wire diameter, in comparison to prior art single wire springs, and thus the stranded wire spring itself has a smaller internal diameter. The shoulder of the weighted buffer is provided with a reduced diameter to accommodate the smaller internal diameter of the stranded wire spring.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/394,067 filed Apr. 25, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/968,408 filed May 1, 2018, which is acontinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/796,243 filed Oct.27, 2017 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,995,545), which is a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 14/837,981 filed Aug. 27, 2015 (now U.S.Pat. No. 9,829,260), which claims the benefit of priority to U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 62/209,588 filed Aug. 25, 2015, thedisclosures of all of which are hereby incorporated by reference intheir entireties.

BACKGROUND

Buffer assemblies are commonly provided in firearms, such as rifles, andfunction both to reduce recoil and to assist in the reloading ofcartridges into the chamber in an automatic or semi-automatic firearm.Typically, a buffer assembly in the firearm includes a buffer tube, abuffer spring, and a weighted buffer. The buffer spring is mounted ontothe weighted buffer, both of which are positioned within the buffertube. Once a round is fired by the firearm, the bolt carrier is thrustin a rearward direction by the force of the firing round. As a result,the buffer spring is compressed by this action and provides thenecessary return force to return the bolt carrier in a forward action topick up a new round and to load the round into the chamber. The actionof the spring in the buffer assembly and the mass of the weighted bufferalso function to reduce the recoil of the firearm by spreading the forceof the fired round over a greater period of time. As the buffer assemblyspring cycles every time a round is fired, the spring can be exposed toa high number of cycles, especially when used in fully automatic rifles.This high number of cycles can result in fatigue of the spring in whichthe free length of the spring shortens over time, and eventually to thepoint of not being able to satisfactorily perform the above notedfunctions. Others have attempted to improve fatigue resistance in bufferassembly springs through the use of various materials, geometries andspecialized coatings.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure provides a buffer and spring assembly for afirearm, and in particular for AR-15, M16, M4 carbine, SR-25, AR-10 andLR-308 type rifles. In particular, the present disclosure provides abuffer assembly with enhanced fatigue resistance for this type of rifle.The buffer arcs spring can be provided as separate unassembled parts inkit form, or can be provided as an assembly. The buffer assemblyincludes a weighted buffer, a spring, and a buffer tube, and can bemounted within the buttstock of the firearm. The weighted buffer isformed with a shoulder about which the spring is mounted, wherein theassembled buffer and spring are housed within the buffer tube. Thespring is helically shaped and is formed from multiple wire strands, forexample three wire strands. The buffer tube has a standard sizedinternal diameter while the stranded wire spring has a matching outsidediameter. The stranded wire spring has a greater nominal wire diameter,in comparison to prior art single wire springs, and thus the strandedwire spring itself has a smaller internal diameter. The shoulder of theweighted buffer is provided with a reduced diameter to accommodate thesmaller internal diameter of the stranded wire spring.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a right elevation view of a firearm having a buffer assemblyaccording to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a front elevation view of the firearm of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the firearm of FIG. 1, taken alongthe line A-A in FIG. 2 with the buffer assembly in a compressed state.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the firearm of FIG. 1, taken alongthe line A-A in FIG. 2 with the buffer assembly in an expanded state.

FIG. 5 is an isometric view of the buffer assembly of the firearm ofFIG. 1.

FIG. 6 is a front elevation view of the buffer assembly of FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is a right elevation view of the buffer assembly of FIG. 5.

FIG. 8 is a top elevation view of the buffer assembly of FIG. 5.

FIG. 9 is an isometric view of the buffer of the buffer assembly of thefirearm of FIG. 1.

FIG. 10 is a front elevation view of the buffer of FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 is a right elevation view of the buffer of FIG. 9.

FIG. 12 is a top elevation view of the buffer of FIG. 9.

FIG. 13 is an isometric view of the spring of the buffer assembly of thefirearm of FIG. 1.

FIG. 14 is a front elevation view of the spring of FIG. 13.

FIG. 15 is a right elevation view of the spring of FIG. 13.

FIG. 16 is a force-deflection graph for the buffer spring of FIG. 13.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure provides a fatigue resistant buffer assembly fora firearm such as an AR-15, M16, M4 carbine, SR-25, AR-10 and LR-308type rifle.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a firearm 100 is shown. In the particularembodiment depicted, the firearm 100 is an AR-15, M16, M4 carbine,SR-25, AR-10 and LR-308 type rifle having components including a barrel102, hand guard 103, trigger assembly 104, magazine 105, a buttstock106, a handle 107, and a chamber 114. FIG. 1 additionally schematicallydepicts a buffer assembly 120 located within the buttstock 106 of thefirearm 100. An example of the buffer assembly 120 is illustrated anddescribed in more detail herein, such as with reference to FIGS. 3-4.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show cross-sectional views of the internal components ofthe firearm 100, taken along the line A-A shown in FIG. 2. FIGS. 3 and 4are the same, with the exception of the position of the internalcomponents within the firearm, as explained herein. FIGS. 3 and 4further detail that the firearm 100 includes a bolt carrier group 108including a bolt 110. In generalized terms, the bolt 110 reciprocateswithin the firearm 100 in rearward and then a forward motion, and duringthe forward motion operates to strip the magazine 105 of a round 112 andto load the round 112 into a chamber 114 where it is once again readyfor firing.

FIG. 3 shows the bolt 110 in its most forward position. After firing,gases from the fired round force the bolt 110 into a rearward motion,causing the spent round to be ejected from the chamber 114 and the bolt110 to be moved to its most rearward position. FIG. 4 shows the bolt 110in this position. When the firearm 100 is an automatic firearm, the bolt110 continuously cycles between these forward and rearward positionsduring an automatic firing mode of the firearm 100.

FIGS. 3 and 4 also show additional details of the buffer assembly 120,wherein it can be seen that the buffer assembly 120 is partially housedwithin the buttstock 106 and located directly behind the bolt 110. Asshown, the buffer assembly 120 includes a buffer tube 130, a weightedbuffer 140 having internal weights 141, and a buffer spring 150. Thebuffer tube 130 extends from the bolt carrier group 108 and into thebuttstock 106. The buffer spring 150 and the weighted buffer 140 aremounted within the buffer tube 130, wherein buffer spring 150 is mountedat one end over the weighted buffer 140. As installed, the weightedbuffer 140 is adjacent to and in contact with the bolt 110 while theopposite end of the buffer spring 150 is adjacent to and in contact withan end wall 132 of the buffer tube. In this arrangement, the bufferspring 150 forces the weighted buffer 140 against the bolt 110 to biasthe bolt 110 into the forward position. The force of the spring 150provides the necessary force to return the bolt 110 from the rearmostposition after firing back forward to pick up and load a new round. Thisarrangement also functions to reduce the recoil of the firearm byspreading the force of the fired round over a greater period of time.

As can be seen at FIG. 3, the buffer spring 150, via the weighted buffer140, has forced the bolt 110 into the forward most position, wherein thenext round 112 (not visible in FIG. 3) is loaded into the chamber 114and is ready for firing. It is noted that even in this position, thebuffer spring 150 is compressed to a length L1 and does not extend toits full free length. In the embodiment shown, length L1 is about 6.74inches.

As can be seen at FIG. 4, the buffer spring 150 and weighted buffer havebeen forced rearward by the movement of the bolt 110 into its rearwardmost position. In this position, a bumper 142 of the weighted buffer 140is in contact with the end wall 132 of the buffer tube 130, with thebuffer spring 150 being in a fully compressed state. In this position,the buffer spring 150 is compressed to a length L2. In the embodimentshown, length L2 is about 3.0 inches.

Referring to FIG. 5, the assembly of the weighted buffer 140 and bufferspring 150 are shown in further detail. The weighted buffer 140 is shownas including a bumper 142, a buffer housing 144 defining a sleeveportion 144 a, a shoulder portion 144 b, and a collar portion 144 c. Thesleeve portion 144 a of the buffer housing has an open end 144 d thatreceives the weights 141 and the bumper 142. The bumper 142 is formedfrom a plastic or elastomeric material and acts as a stop for theweighted buffer 140 against the end wall 132 of the buffer tube 130. Inthe embodiment shown, the buffer housing 144 is provided as a singlepart in which the sleeve portion 144 a, shoulder portion 144 b, andcollar portion 144 c are integrally formed.

With continued reference to FIG. 5, the buffer spring 150 defines afirst open end 152 and a second open end 154, wherein the weightedbuffer 140 is inserted through the first open end 152 such that thecollar portion 144 c abuts the open end 152. As can be most easily seenat FIG. 6, the diameter of the sleeve portion 144 a is less than theinternal diameter of the spring 150, thus leaving a slight gap betweenthe two components. In contrast, the shoulder portion 144 b has anoutside diameter of a dimension that ensures that direct contact existsbetween the spring 150 and the shoulder portion 144 b. FIG. 7 shows aside view of the assembled spring 150 and weighted buffer 140, where itcan be seen that the spring 150 has a free length L3. FIG. 8 shows a topview of the assembled spring 150 and weighted buffer 140, wherein it canbe seen that the weighted buffer 140 further includes a pin 145 insertedthrough an aperture 146 in the sleeve portion 144 a that secures thebumper 142 to the buffer housing 144.

With reference to FIGS. 9-12, the weighted buffer 140 is shown inisolation such that the bumper 142, buffer housing 144, sleeve portion144 a, shoulder portion 144 b, collar 144 c, pin 145, and aperture 146can be more clearly viewed. With reference to FIG. 12 specifically, itcan be seen that the shoulder portion 144 b of the buffer housing 144 isprovided with an outside diameter D1. In the embodiment shown, diameterD1 is 0.76 inch. Notably, a standard buffer has a shoulder diameter ofabout 0.78 inch.

With reference to FIGS. 13-16, the buffer spring 150 is shown inisolation such that aspects of the buffer spring 150 can be shown ingreater detail. FIG. 13 shows the first and second ends 152, 154 of thespring 150. FIG. 13 also shows that the buffer spring 150 is formed fromthree separate wire strands 150 a, 150 b, 150 c. To form the bufferspring 150, the wire strands 150 a, 150 b, 150 c are twisted together inthe same fashion as a rope to form a wire strand 151 which is thenwrapped about a mandrel to form a helical spring. In the embodimentshown, each of the wire strands 150 a, 150 b, 150 c is a steel wire, forexample 0.045 inch diameter steel music wire. Although a stranded wire151 formed from three wire strands is shown, fewer or more wires may beused to form the stranded wire 151, for example, two, four, five, six,or more wires. Additionally, other types of materials can be used forthe wire strands, such as heat treated chrome silicon wirestock. In oneaspect, the wires strands 150 a, 150 b, 150 c can be twisted together toform 1.9 to 2.3 twists per inch or to have a twist pitch (distancebetween a common point on adjacent braids) of between about 0.43 inchand 0.52 inch. In one embodiment, the wire strand has a twist pitch of0.475 inch or is formed to have 2.1 twists per inch.

FIG. 14 shows that the buffer spring 150 has an internal diameter D2 andan outside diameter D3. FIG. 14 also shows that the stranded wire 151that forms the spring 150 has a nominal thickness T1. In one aspect, thebuffer spring 150 is provided with an outside diameter D3 of 0.95 inchthat is generally equivalent to the outside diameter of a typical priorart buffer spring. The nominal thickness T1 of the stranded wire 151 isabout 0.184 inch, resulting in an internal spring diameter D2 of 0.756.The nominal thickness T1 of the stranded wire is relatively greater thanthe typical diameter of a standard prior art buffer wire. As the outsidediameter D3 of the stranded wire is matched to be the same as theoutside diameter of a standard buffer wire, the internal diameter D3 ofthe stranded wire spring is less than the internal diameter of astandard wire spring. To accommodate this smaller internal diameter, theoutside diameter D1 of the weighted buffer shoulder portion 144 b has areduced diameter in comparison to a standard prior art buffer. However,the shoulder portion 144 b outside diameter D1 is still provided at adimension that is slightly larger than the internal diameter D3 of thebuffer spring 150 in order to provide for a slight interference fit.

FIG. 15 shows the buffer spring 150 in a relaxed state such that thespring 150 extends to its full free length L1. FIG. 15 also shows thatthe buffer spring 150 includes a number of coils 153 extending betweenthe first and second ends 152, 154 of the spring 150. In the particularembodiment shown, the spring 150 is provided with 20 total coils with 18of the coils being fully active. The fully active coils are those coilswhich are expanded when the spring 150 is at its free length and whichcan be compressed together as the spring 150 is compressed. It is notedthat more or fewer active coils can be provided without departing fromthe concepts presented herein.

Referring to FIG. 16, a force-deflection graph is shown for the bufferspring 150 in one particularly useful example. The force-deflectiongraph at FIG. 16 shows deflection in inches in comparison to poundsforce on the buffer spring 150, and shows the buffer spring 150 ashaving a relatively constant spring rate of about 1.78 pounds per inch.Additionally, the spring 150 has a compressed force of 7.24 pounds whencompressed to a length L1 of 6.74 inches and a compressed force of 14.25pounds when fully compressed to a length L2 of 3.0 inches. In thisexample, the buffer spring 150 has a free length of 11 inches and 24.5active coils, and is formed from three strands of 0.045 inch diameterwire with a twist pitch of about 0.475 inch, wherein the strands areeach made from a steel music wire material. By careful consideration ofeach of these design variables, the applicants have developed a strandedwire buffer spring 150 that can be used in a firearm 100 withexceptional performance and fatigue resistance.

Notably, prior art based calculation and modeling systems indicate thata stranded wire spring in a buffer spring application would not work inan AR-15, M16, M4 carbine, SR-25, AR-10 and LR-308 type of application.However, the inventors of this application have developed the abovedisclosed stranded wire spring 150 which does in fact operatesuccessfully in this type of firearm 100. Additionally, an anticipatedadvantage of using a stranded wire spring for the buffer spring 150 isenhanced resistance to fatigue stresses and increased cycle life. It isbelieved that this increased performance is due to the stranded wirespring having improved dampening characteristics over single wiresprings and being less affected by high frequency vibration waves causedby firing rounds. Another advantage of using a stranded wire 151 formedfrom three separate wire strands 150 a, 150 b, 150 c is that somemeasure of redundancy is provided as the buffer spring 150 will be atleast partially operable with the breakage of one of the wire strands150 a, 150 b, 150 c.

Although specific examples are provided above, it is noted that theabove identified performance characteristics can be accomplished throughother combinations of spring characteristics. However, it has been foundthat these characteristics are generally bound within certain ranges forsuccessful operation of the buffer assembly 120, for example a freelength L3 of between 8.5 inches and 12.5 inches; a number of activecoils between 20 and 40; an initial compression force at length L2 ofbetween 6 pounds and 9 pounds; a compressed force at length L1 ofbetween 11 pounds and 17 pounds; and a wire diameter of between 0.042inch and 0.052 inch for each wire in the stranded wire 151.

What is claimed is:
 1. A buffer and spring kit for a firearm comprising:(a) a buffer including a buffer housing defining a sleeve portion, acollar portion, and a shoulder portion, wherein the shoulder portion hasa first diameter and the sleeve portion has a second diameter smallerthan the first diameter, the shoulder portion being located between thesleeve portion and the collar portion; and (b) a helical springextending between a first end and a second end, the helical spring beingconfigured for mounting to the buffer such that sleeve portion andshoulder portion can extend within an interior space defined by thehelical spring with the first end abutting the collar portion and withthe helical spring being in direct contact with the shoulder portion;wherein the helical spring is formed from at least two strands of wirethat are twisted together and wrapped to form the helical spring.
 2. Thebuffer and spring kit of claim 1, wherein the at least two strands ofwire includes a first wire strand and a second wire strand formed fromthe same material.
 3. The buffer and spring kit of claim 2 wherein thefirst and second wire strands are each formed from steel wire.
 4. Thebuffer and spring kit of claim 1, wherein the buffer shoulder portionfirst diameter is less than 0.78 inch.
 5. The buffer and spring kit ofclaim 1, wherein the helical spring defines an internal diameter that isless than the buffer shoulder portion first diameter.
 6. The buffer andspring kit of claim 1, wherein the buffer and spring assembly isconfigured for installation in at least one of an AR-15, 116, M4carbine, SR-25, AR-10 and LR-308 type rifle.
 7. A buffer and springassembly for a firearm comprising: (a) a buffer including a bufferhousing defining a sleeve portion, a collar portion, and a shoulderportion, wherein the shoulder portion has a first diameter and thesleeve portion has a second diameter smaller than the first diameter,the shoulder portion being located between the sleeve portion and thecollar portion; and (b) a helical spring extending between a first endand a second end, the helical spring being mounted to the buffer suchthat sleeve portion and shoulder portion are within an interior spacedefined by the helical spring and the first end abuts the collarportion, and such that the helical spring is in direct contact with theshoulder portion; wherein the helical spring is formed from at least twostrands of wire that are twisted together and wrapped to form thehelical spring.
 8. The buffer and spring assembly of claim 7, whereinthe at least two strands of wire includes a first wire strand and asecond wire strand formed from the same material.
 9. The buffer andspring assembly of claim 8 wherein the first and second wire strands areeach formed from steel wire.
 10. The buffer and spring assembly of claim7, wherein the buffer shoulder portion first diameter is less than 0.78inch.
 11. The buffer and spring assembly of claim 7, wherein the helicalspring defines an internal diameter that is less than the buffershoulder portion first diameter.
 12. The buffer and spring assembly ofclaim 7, wherein the buffer and spring assembly is configured forinstallation in at least one of an AR-15, M16, M4 carbine, SR-25, AR-10and LR-308 type rifle.
 13. A buffer and spring kit for a firearmcomprising: (a) a buffer including a buffer housing defining a sleeveportion, a collar portion, and a shoulder portion, the shoulder portionhaving a first outside diameter and being located between the sleeveportion and the collar portion; and (b) a helical spring extendingbetween a first end and a second end, the helical spring beingconfigured for mounting to the buffer such that sleeve portion andshoulder portion can extend within an interior space defined by thehelical spring with the first end abutting the collar portion and withthe helical spring being in direct contact with the shoulder portion;wherein the helical spring includes between 20 and 40 active coils and afree length of between 8.5 and 12.5 inches; and wherein the helicalspring is formed from a first wire, a second wire, and a third wire thatare braided together to form a stranded wire, wherein each of the first,second and third wires is a steel wire having a diameter of between0.042 and 0.052 inch.
 14. The buffer and spring kit of claim 13, whereinthe first diameter of the shoulder portion is 0.76 inch.
 15. The bufferand spring kit of claim 14, wherein the helical spring defines a firstinternal diameter of 0.756 inch.
 16. The buffer and spring kit of claim13, wherein the helical spring includes about 26.5 active coils.
 17. Thebuffer and spring kit of claim 13, wherein the helical spring has a freelength of about 11 inches.
 18. The buffer and spring kit of claim 13,wherein the at least two strands of wire includes a first wire strand, asecond wire strand, and a third wire strand.
 19. The buffer and springkit of claim 18, wherein the first, second, and third wire strands isformed from 0.045 inch diameter wire.
 20. The buffer and spring kit ofclaim 19, wherein the first, second, and third wire strands are eachformed from steel music wire.
 21. The buffer and spring kit of claim 13,wherein the helical spring has a constant spring rate of 1.78 pounds perinch.
 22. The buffer and spring kit of claim 15, wherein the helicalspring has a constant spring rate of 1.78 pounds per inch, a free lengthof about 11 inches, about 24.5 active coils, and is formed from threestrands of 0.045 inch diameter music wire.
 23. The buffer and spring kitof claim 13, wherein the buffer and spring kit is configured forinstallation in at least one of an AR-15, M16, M4 carbine, SR-25, AR-10and IR-308 type rifle.
 24. The buffer and spring kit of claim 13,wherein the stranded wire has a twist pitch of between about 0.43 and0.52 inch.